LOSS AND DAMAGE AND DISPLACEMENT: KEY MESSAGES FOR THE ROAD TO COP 28

This advocacy brief calls for the mainstreaming of population displacement, forced migration and other forms of involuntary human mobility into policy and practice addressing loss and damage related to climate change. The messages in this brief are directly relevant to ongoing Loss and Damage negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the lead-up to COP 28.
Published on September 15, 2023
Loss and Damage and Challenges of Human Mobility and Displacement Working Group | idrp, IDPs, Disaster, Climate, United Nations
Pakistan. Drowning in despair. 2022 © Jamil Akhtar CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0

Pakistan. Drowning in despair. 2022 © Jamil Akhtar CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0

Displacement must be central to addressing climate change-related loss and damage. Climate-related displacement undermines human rights, well-being and development, resulting in a broad range of adverse impacts on individuals, communities, societies and States, raising important questions and concerns regarding climate justice. Any comprehensive approach to addressing climate-related loss and damage must endeavour to avert, minimise and provide equitable and just solutions to the adverse impacts of displacement.

The messages in this advocacy brief by the Loss and Damage and Challenges of Human Mobility and Displacement Working Group are intended to inform and catalyse discussions and debates leading up to COP 28 and beyond, engaging States and regional bodies, governmental organisations, NGOs, community-based organisations, policy makers, researchers, legal experts and others in positions to avert, minimise and address displacement and mobility-related loss and damage in the context of climate change.

KEYWORDS: loss and damage; climate change; COP 28; displacement; climate justice

DOWNLOAD ADVOCACY BRIEF

This advocacy brief is co-published by the Loss and Damage Collaboration and Researching Internal Displacement. It can be found also on the Loss and Damage Collaboration webpage.

 

 

The Loss and Damage and the Challenges of Human Mobility and Displacement working group is a coalition of practitioners, researchers, lawyers and activists working on human mobility at local, national and global levels. Representing a broad cross-section of voices, perspectives and interests, participants in the working group share the common conviction that climate change-related displacement must be central to efforts to assess and address loss and damage impacts, including cascading and intergenerational impacts on individuals, communities, societies and ecosystems.

Image Credits

1. Cover image: Drowning in Despair, by Jamil Akhtar via the World Meteorological Organization (7289), licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. Description: Residents of a village in District Sanghar in Sindh Province of Pakistan, gather to collect some emergency ration supplies after the devastating flood of 2022. This year has also had its share of floods, albeit slightly less than the previous year. Experts warn that this will probably become an annual occurrence. Pakistan has one of the smallest carbon footprints in the world while suffering from the worst effects of climate change and almost no disaster preparedness.

2. Loss and Damage Collaboration logo: Sundarbans web, by the European Space Agency, Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016), processed by ESA, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

HOW TO CONTRIBUTE

Researching Internal Displacement publishes engaging and insightful short pieces of writing, artistic and research outputs, policy briefings and think pieces on internal displacement.

We welcome contributions from academics, practitioners, researchers, officials, artists, poets, writers, musicians, dancers, postgraduate students and people affected by internal displacement.

By Stefan Surlić and Natalija Perišić | Oct 9, 2025
This brief article highlights the protracted and often overshadowed forced displacement of Serbs from Kosovo, triggered by the conflict in 1999 and the subsequent NATO intervention. More than two decades later, Serbian IDPs continue to face numerous challenges, from complex administrative procedures of obtaining and renewing their residency status to being stigmatised within local communities. The situation of IDPs remains one of the key Serbian arguments in rejection of the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo in 2008. The authors explore not only everyday issues faced by Serbian IDPs but also their perspectives on ending the displacement, situated within the broader political contradictions between Belgrade and Pristina.
By Manoug Antaby | Oct 2, 2025
The Arab region has faced decades of wars, uprisings, and disasters, displacing millions and straining fragile protection systems. While humanitarian actors often step in during crises, human rights organizations have struggled to play an effective role in safeguarding IDPs. This article examines these institutional shortcomings and proposes a more context-sensitive, community-based approach to protecting IDPs’ rights beyond emergency relief. Ultimately, the author argues for foregrounding a ‘communalised human rights approach’ to displacement, one that integrates the strong Arab cultural traditions of kinship, communal solidarity and mutual aid into protections for displaced people.
By Walter Kälin and Peter de Clercq | Sep 30, 2025
This provocative think piece argues that the current "humanitarian reset", intended under the UN 80 New Humanitarian Compact, may not constitute a reset at all, to the detriment of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and their host communities. Lacking sufficient "blue sky thinking", the compartmentalised processes undertaken by UN agencies focus primarily on "doing the same – or less – with less money" rather than enabling more productive country-level action, including addressing durable solutions for people displaced in the context of disasters and climate change. Whilst cost savings are surely needed, without a fresh and inclusive vision of how the UN can use its limited resources to help States achieve the goals and purposes of the UN Charter in a radically changing world, the UN80 initiative risks failure. The authors warn that IDPs, who already suffer from funding and programming gaps, may not see the improvements that they and their communities truly need.