Los segundos ocupantes en el proceso de restitución de tierras colombiano

Este artículo evalúa cómo el proceso colombiano de restitución de tierras a personas desplazadas aborda el tema de los segundos ocupantes

Published on November 11, 2021

Aura Patricia Bolivar Jaime | lanid, Transitional Justice, Solutions, Law/Policy, Americas (inc Caribbean)

Colombia. Comunidad © Aura Patricia Bolivar Jaime

En el año 2011 se formuló en Colombia un programa de restitución de tierras. En el desarrollo de este proceso se ha identificado la ocupación de predios solicitados en restitución por parte de segundos ocupantes, muchos en condiciones de pobreza, vulnerabilidad y algunos víctimas de desplazamiento forzado. A efectos de hacer efectivo el derecho a la restitución, la ley establece que lo que procede en estos casos es el desalojo de los ocupantes secundarios. El artículo que se presenta tiene por objeto identificar cómo se ha abordado esta problemática por diversos actores, Corte Constitucional, Corte Suprema de Justicia, jueces y magistrados de la especialidad de restitución y la Unidad de Restitución de Tierras, a efectos de precisar sus avances y limitaciones.

Para el efecto, se divide el texto en tres partes. En la primera, se precisan los desarrollos jurisprudenciales establecidos por la Corte Constitucional Colombiana, la Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sala de Casación Civil y Sala de Casación Laboral, y la especialidad de restitución de tierras, en particular los Tribunales de restitución, en relación con los segundos ocupantes. En la segunda parte, se precisan las medidas que han sido diseñadas por el gobierno nacional, en particular los Acuerdos proferidos por el Consejo Directivo de la Unidad de Restitución de Tierras, presentando a la vez un balance general de las medidas ordenadas e implementadas por la Unidad de Restitución de Tierras. Finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones y reflexiones que deja el análisis del caso colombiano.

Aura Patricia Bolivar Jaime es abogada, especialista en derecho constitucional y magíster en Derecho de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Actualmente es estudiante de doctorado en el Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).

This Working Paper was written by the author during her Summer Fellowship on Internal Displacement at the Internal Displacement Research Program of the Refugee Law Initiative. The grant was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, on behalf of the UKRI Global Challenge Research Fund, as part of the funded project “Interdisciplinary Network on Internal Displacement, Conflict and Protection” (AH/T005351/1).

Download RID Working Paper No. 4 (in Spanish)

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