¿Vías paralelas? Los problemas para responder adecuadamente a los procesos de desplazamiento interno producto de la conjunción de situaciones de conflicto armado, violencia generalizada y desastres

El presente artículo de la LANID Special Issue analiza como la fragmentación del concepto de desplazamiento interno dificulta la capacidad de los estados para prevenir y atender adecuadamente el desplazamiento fruto de la interacción de situaciones de conflicto y desastre.

Published on December 1, 2021

Beatriz Eugenia Sánchez-Mojica | lanid, IDPs, Disaster, Conflict, Violence, Nexus, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Photo credit: Haiti. Hurricane Sandy Causes Heavy Rains and Floods. 25 October, 2012 © UN Photo/Logan Abassi

De acuerdo a los Principios Rectores el desplazamiento forzado interno es un fenómeno complejo que puede tener su origen en una amplia variedad de situaciones. Sin embargo, la lectura que se ha dado a este instrumento internacional ha derivado en la fragmentación de este concepto, dependiendo del fenómeno que lo causa. De esta manera se han creado tres categorías distintas, cada una de las cuales recibe un tipo y grado de atención distinta. La primera está integrada por los desplazamientos vinculados a conflicto armado, violencia generalizada y violaciones masivas de derechos humanos. Los movimientos forzados al interior de los estados ocasionados por desastres conforman la segunda, mientras los vinculados a proyectos de desarrollo integran la tercera. Esta fragmentación ha derivado en la dificultad para comprender las dinámicas que dan lugar a este tipo de migración forzada, así como en la incapacidad para ofrecer respuestas que garanticen la plena asistencia y protección a los afectados.

Las limitaciones para enfrentar el desplazamiento interno en toda su complejidad se hacen evidentes en los casos en los que el movimiento forzado de población es el resultado de la interacción de situaciones de conflicto y desastre. En estos escenarios la fragmentación del concepto de desplazamiento interno se traduce en importantes obstáculos para desarrollar medidas efectivas de prevención, asistencia, protección y logro de soluciones duraderas.

La doctora Beatriz Eugenia Sánchez-Mojica es una investigadora independiente especializada en refugio y migración forzada. Es profesora adjunta en las universidades españolas Universidad Pontificia de Comillas y IE University. Actualmente coordina la Red Latinomericana en Desplazamiento Interno (LANID).

LANID Special Issue: “Perspectivas críticas sobre el desplazamiento forzado”

La Red Latinoamericana de Desplazamiento Interno (LANID) reúne académicos, activistas, artistas y profesionales interesados en reflexionar sobre el desplazamiento interno. A través de esta colección de estudios se busca ampliar el conocimiento sobre este fenómeno, así como promover la discusión sobre el mismo. El carácter multidimensional de este tipo de movilidad humana, así como la complejidad de sus causas y la necesidad de buscar nuevos caminos para el logro de soluciones duraderas que permitan a las personas afectadas superar su condición de vulnerabilidad, constituyen el común denominador de estos trabajos.

Este Working Paper fue escrito por la autora dentro del marco del proyecto “Interdisciplinary Network on Internal Displacement, Conflict and Protection” (AH /T005351/1), apoyado por el Arts and Humanities Research Council, en nombre del UKRI Global Challenge Research Fund.

Download RID Working Paper No. 8

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